Added support for the new version of osqp, which changes some optional argument names and defaults. These should not impact results.
Added tests for clarabel.
Specifying tolerances works slightly differently for binary and multi-category treatments with optweight(). tols controls only how similar each pair of groups are to each other, and a new argument, target.tols, controls how similar the average of the group means are to the target mean. This means that group balance is separate from target balance. See ?optweight for more information. Previously, tols only controlled target balance, and group balance came along for free. This slightly changes the weights estimated when setting tols to a value greater than 0 when target.tols is set to 0 (its default): now, the group means must be equidistant from the target means, whereas previously, it was only required that the group means each be with tols/2 of the target mean.
The duals output is slightly different: for multivariate treatments with optweightMV(), the duals component of the output object is a single data frame with a new column, component, corresponding to the treatment each dual variable refers to. For all weighting functions, the dual variable corresponding to the constraint on the minimum of the weights (controlled by min.w) is now included in the output with component equal to 0.
In plot.optweight(), a new argument, type, can be specified to select between two types of dual variable plots: "variables", the default, displays a dual variable for each covariate; "constraints" displays a dual variable for each constraint type (weight range, balance, and target), computed as the sum of the dual variables for that constraint type.
Moved some documentation around; optweight() and optweight.fit() are now documented on the same page, optweightMV() and optweightMV.fit() are now documented on the same page, and optweight.svy() and optweight.svy.fit() are now documented on the same page.
min.w is now a visible argument to optweight(), optweightMV(), and optweight.svy().
collapse is now a dependency.
Messages are now a little prettier thanks to cli, which is a new dependency.
Documentation and vignette updates.
The version involved a full rewrite and may not be backward compatible with prior versions. Basic functionality has not changed, but some of the more advanced functionality has changed.
Added a new function, optweightMV(), for performing weighting for multivariate treatments. This takes the place of the old functionality of optweight() to take in a list of formulas. Documentation and other supporting text has been updated to emphasize that the purpose of this function is for multivariate treatments, not longitudinal treatments as previously documented. Note that optweight() now throws an error if a list of formulas is supplied. A lower-level version, optweightMV.fit(), is also available.
check.tols() and check.targets() have been renamed process_tols() and process_targets(), respectively, and have some new functionality. The stop argument has been removed. process_targets() now accepts s.weights to compute sampling-weighted target means.
norm can be set to "entropy" in optweight(), etc., which minimizes the negative entropy of the weights. This is equivalent to entropy balancing, which is implemented more efficiently in WeightIt, but has support for inexact balance and multivariate treatments.
norm can also be set to "log" in optweight(), etc., which minimizes the sum of the negative log of the weights. This is equivalent to nonparametric covariate balancing propensity score (npCBPS) weighting, a version of which is implemented in CBPS. The implementation here has support for inexact balance and multivariate treatments.
Negative values are now allowed for the min.w argument.
Different solvers can be used by supplying an argument to solver. See ?optweight.fit() for defaults and allowable options.
optweight.svy(), process_tols(), and process_targets() can all be supplied with without a formula, which uses all variables in the supplied data.
Documentation is now in roxygen2.
Added a new vignette (vignette("optweight")).
Added b.weights argument to supply base weights. When supplied, rather than minimizing the variance of the weights, the squared distance from each base weight is minimized, mirroring the functionality of the base.weights argument in ebalance for entropy balancing. All norms now support base weights. Omitting base weights is equivalent to setting them equal to 1.
Optimization proceeds differently with s.weights supplied. First, the $L_\infty$ cannot be used with sampling weights. Second, the norm minimized is the weighted norm of the difference between the estimated weights and base weights, with the estimated weights not incorporating the sampling weights. That is, the $L_2$ norm minimizes $\sum_i s_i(w_i-b_i)^2$, and the $L_1$ norm minimizes $\sum_i s_i|w_i-b_i|$, where $s_i$ is the sampling weight for unit $i$, $b_i$ is the base weight (1 by default), and $w_i$ are the weights to be estimated. The weights used in the balance constraints (and ultimately in effect estimation) are $w^_i=s_i w_i$. An implication of this is that the ESS of the $w^_i$ is not maximized with the $L_2$ norm. This also ensures that the weighted bootstrap correctly accounts for estimation of the weights.
summary() now displays the $L_2$, $L_1$, and $L_\infty$ norms and the relative entropy between the estimated weights and the base weights, and the number of weights estimated to be 0. The $L_2$ and $L_1$ norms and relative entropy are weighted by the s.weights if present.
polish is now TRUE by default for norms other than "entropy"; this slightly improves estimation.
Some default arguments to the solvers have changed.
Formula interfaces now accept poly(x, .) and other matrix-generating functions of variables, including the rms-class-generating functions from the rms package (e.g., pol(), rcs(), etc.) (the rms package must be loaded to use these latter ones) and the basis-class-generating functions from the splines package (i.e., bs() and ns()). A bug in an early version of this was found by @ahinton-mmc.
The returned covariates are now those without any transformations.
Updated the README.
Added a new logo.
The rosqp package is now osqp, and is faster with fewer bugs.
If focal is set, the estimand is automatically changed to "ATT". In the past, focal would be ignored unless estimand = "ATT".
Fixed some bugs with processing formula inputs. In particular, functions can be used inside lapply() loops and nested functions more gracefully.
Other bugs fixes and small changes.
Changed default min.w in optweight.fit() and optweight.svy.fit() to 1E-8 from 0. This ensures all weights are nonzero, which can reduce bugs in other functions that require nonzero weights (e.g, jtools::summ() and survey::svyglm()).
Fixed warning that would occur when interactions were present in the model formula in optweight().
Stable balancing weights have been discovered to be invalid for longitudinal treatments, so attempting to use optweight()or optweight.fit() with longitudinal treatments will now produce an error. This can be overridden by setting force = TRUE, though this is not recommended until further research is done.
Added optweight.svy() and associated methods and functions for estimating survey weights using optimization. These weights when applied to the sample will yield a sample whose covariate means are equal (within a specified tolerance) to given target values.
Minor changes to check.targets(). It will now produce the covariate means when the targets argument is empty and will produce the previous empty output, a named vector of NAs, when targets = NULL.
Changes to how dual variables are processed and displayed. Now, each dual variable coming from optweight() represents the change in the objective function corresponding to a 1-unit change in tols. The reported duals are the sum of all the duals affected by the constraint, so you can now reliably predict the change in the objective function from a change in tols (it was obscured and error-prone previously). The distinction between targeting duals and balance duals is maintained.